Recent weeks have seen the early indicators of profound shifts in both the future of the insurgency and the prospects of civil war in Iraq , with both issues centered on and animated by the actions of a more assertive Sunni community.

From within the context of an insurgency that has shown vivid signs of a growing internecine conflict between foreign jihadist fighters, and the more nationalist-motivated Sunni insurgents?due, among other reasons, to dissonant strategic goals and Sunni anger over the jihadists more indiscrete and wonton attacks that have killed fellow Iraqis?coupled with the menacing activities of private militias attached to the Shia communities and political parties, certain segments of the Sunni community have organized a militia seemingly for communal defense and insurgent activities. This development enhances the potential for significant near term gains against the jihadist elements of the insurgency if the militia is loosed against foreign fighters, but also enhances the potential for severe conflict between sectarian militias and a descent into civil war.